Tropical Climate Adaptation on the Design of a Contextual Neo-Classical Church in Lembeh Island

Abstract

This research aims to produce a monumental Church architectural design using a Neo-Classical approach that remains contextual to the geographical conditions and humid tropical climate of Lembeh Island, Bitung City, North Sulawesi. The method employed is descriptive qualitative research through comprehensive site analysis (topography, climatology, and social context) and function-based design. The site analysis results indicate that the selected location, covering 2,475m², is situated at an elevation of 40-50 meters, ideal for achieving the required monumentality. The design concept adopts a symmetrical Basilica/Latin Cross floor plan typology, emphasizing a main Dome above the Altar as a sacred marker. Adaptation to the tropical climate is achieved through building elevation (palladian style) to prevent humidity and a Portico with columns to shade the façade (facilitating cross-ventilation). The main conclusion of this design is the successful synthesis between an imposing classical architectural style and responsiveness to the local environment, creating a spiritual landmark that functions optimally for the Christian community on Lembeh Island. Keywords: neo-classical, tropical architecture, church, lembeh island, monumentality.